Who has been quietly leading the solid-state battery layout Industry News Silver Wing

New energy vehicles have gradually become a trend, and the development of power batteries has attracted more and more attention. Recently, giants including Volkswagen, Samsung, BMW, CATL are seeking breakthroughs in the field of solid-state batteries. Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries can provide better endurance and safety, but at present, due to the dual constraints of technology and cost, solid-state batteries still need a long time to industrialize. Solid-state batteries are expected to become the next generation of high-performance lithium batteries. At present, most of China's automobile manufacturers and new energy manufacturers are also participating in the research and development of solid-state batteries.

Different technological paths of solid-state batteries

In December 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" (draft for comments). In the "Implementation of Battery Technology Breakthrough Action", accelerating the development and industrialization of solid-state power battery technology was listed as " New energy vehicle core technology research project". This means that solid-state batteries are expected to rise to the national strategic level.

Solid-state batteries use solid materials to replace the liquid components used in existing lithium-ion batteries. The thickness of the solid-state electrolyte is only 3 to 4 microns, which is very light and thin, which not only reduces the volume, but also reduces the weight.

The technological development of solid-state batteries adopts a gradual subversion strategy, the content of liquid electrolyte is gradually reduced, and all-solid-state batteries are the final form. According to the classification of electrolytes, lithium batteries can be divided into four categories: liquid, semi-solid, quasi-solid, and all-solid. Among them, the three types of semi-solid, quasi-solid and all-solid are collectively called solid-state batteries.

However, the technical route of solid-state batteries is still very different.

Solid electrolytes can be roughly divided into three categories: inorganic electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite electrolytes. The most promising materials in the industry include solid polymers, sulfides, oxides, and films.

polymer solid electrolyte will be the first to be applied, but there are two fatal problems of high cost and low conductivity.

The current mainstream polymer solid electrolyte is polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolyte and its derivative materials. In contrast, oxide solid electrolytes have good overall performance and the fastest progress. The sulfide solid electrolyte has the highest conductivity, the most difficult research and the greatest development potential, but how to maintain high stability is a big problem. The high-energy polymer system is still in the laboratory research stage, the LiPON thin-film all-solid-state battery has been produced in small batches, and the non-thin-film type has tried to open up the consumer electronics market.

In recent years, many Chinese companies have established solid oxide battery production lines.

Suzhou Qingtao New Energy built a solid-state lithium battery production line in Kunshan, Jiangsu, with a single energy density of more than 400Wh/kg, and plans to enter the power battery application field in 2020.

The first domestic 1GWh solid-state battery production line established by Huineng Technology and Narada Power will also be completed in 2020. The company just completed the D round of financing in April this year to accelerate the commercialization of solid-state batteries and the construction of factories. Certain achievements have been made in oxide solid-state batteries.

Japanese, Korean and European companies have invested a lot of money in the research of sulfide solid electrolytes.

In 2020, Toyota plans to launch new energy vehicles equipped with sulfide solid-state batteries, and plans to achieve mass production in 2022. More than ten years ago, Toyota has carried out solid-state battery research and development. It has not only obtained patents on solid-state electrolyte materials and solid-state battery manufacturing technology, but also developed a complete set of technology routes and recycling procedures for the recovery of cathode materials and sulfide solid-state electrolyte materials. . Samsung and BMW are also developing sulfide solid-state battery technology. China's CATL (300750.SZ) is also working in this direction.

The commercialization of all solid-state batteries will take 5-10 years

In early March of this year, Samsung Advanced Research Institute (SAIT) and Samsung Japan Research Center (SRJ) introduced their latest progress in the field of solid-state batteries in "Nature-Energy", saying that they have developed a high-performance all-solid-state battery. This battery has a cycle life of more than 1,000 times, allowing electric vehicles to travel 800 kilometers on a single charge.

Toyota is also working with Panasonic to develop technology in the field of solid-state batteries; BMW started cooperating with Soild Power to develop solid-state batteries in 2017, Ford and Samsung also invested in Solid Power last year; Volkswagen also stated that it will build a plant in Europe to produce solid-state batteries, which is expected to be in 2024~ Mass production will be realized in 2025.

Another company targeting the power battery market is Dyson. Dyson founder James Dyson said that selling solid-state batteries to other car companies is an option to enter the automotive industry.

The field of solid-state batteries has entered the "arms race" stage, and companies expect to seize the opportunity to win market share. There are many market participants in the solid-state battery field. Car companies, battery companies, investment institutions, scientific research institutions, etc. are playing games in terms of capital, technology, and talent. As more and more companies join, the process of solid-state battery industrialization continues to accelerate. According to the current development situation, solid-state batteries will achieve initial applications from 2021 to 2025.

However, the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries will take a long time. At the end of last year, a person in charge of battery development at CATL said that the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries will not be until after 2030.

The process route of solid-state batteries is not yet mature, and cost reduction still needs a process. The full industrialization is expected to take 5-10 years. For example, although Samsung's solid-state batteries can achieve long battery life, the production environment is demanding. The cost of the precious metal nano-silver required for large-scale production of silver-carbon layers is high, and short-term industrialization is not realistic.

The industrialization of domestic solid-state batteries is accelerating.

Guoxuan Hi-Tech launched a semi-solid battery trial production line in 2019; Ganfeng Lithium's first-generation solid-state lithium battery R&D pilot production line with an annual output of 100 million watt-hours has been completed and will be officially put into production soon; BYD has also said that it is actively Promote the commercialization of solid-state battery projects; Ningde era all-solid-state batteries are still under development and are expected to be commercialized after 2030.

In addition, Tianqi Lithium began to deploy solid-state batteries in 2018. Its shareholding company, Solid Energy, USA, mainly develops and produces ultra-high energy density, ultra-thin lithium metal batteries, and develops electrolyte and anode materials. In 2018, it announced technical cooperation with Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions for solid-state battery technology, and it is still in the experimental trial production stage. Penghui Energy's solid-state battery is in the research and development stage, and plans to launch solid-state battery products in the next 2 to 3 years.

In the past two years, solid-state battery production lines have ushered in a large wave of production. Companies such as Qingtao, Weilan New Energy, and Huineng Technology will build solid-state battery production lines. Although the companies have not announced the cost of solid-state batteries, they have been It is predicted that the cost of solid-state batteries will be much higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. If solid-state batteries are to be industrialized in the future, cost reduction is inevitable.

The production of solid-state batteries can be combined with the traditional lithium-ion battery industry chain. Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, there is no revolutionary innovation in the preparation of solid-state battery cells, but the manufacturing environment for electrodes and electrolytes is more demanding. It needs to be carried out under inert gas protection or in a dry room. This is the same as manufacturing supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. The production environment of air-sensitive energy storage devices such as capacitors is similar.

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Who has been quietly leading the solid-state battery layout

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