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跟踪系统为何集成度高效的电源管理解决方案
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时间：2018-04-02 16:41:28
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车辆跟踪系统非常适合监视一辆汽车或整个车队。跟踪系统由自动跟踪硬件和用于收集数据（如果需要的话，还有数据传输）的软件组成。
一、主动跟踪器与被动跟踪器 主动跟踪器和被动跟踪器收集数据的方式相同，也同样准确。这两种类型跟踪器的主要区别在于时间。
主动跟踪器也称为“实时”跟踪器，因为它们通过卫星或蜂窝网络发送数据，即时指示车辆位置。电脑屏幕可以实时显示车辆的移动。因此，如果企业希望提高运送效率并了解员工现场驾驶情况，那么主动跟踪是最佳选择。主动式跟踪器还具备一种“地理围栏”能力（把这种功能想象为类似“力场”），其可在汽车进入或离开某个预定位置时提供警示信号。另外，此类系统还能帮助防止车辆失窃或追回被盗车辆。当然，主动GPS跟踪设备比被动跟踪设备贵，而且需要按月支付服务费。
被动跟踪器价格较低，但数据存储量受限，不过它们更小，更易于隐藏。被动跟踪器在设备上存储信息，而不是向一个远程地点发送数据。这种跟踪器必须从车辆上拿下来，连到电脑上，才能查看其中存储的信息。这类系统适合出于工作目的跟踪里程的人，也适合希望减少车辆滥用的企业。另外，被动跟踪器也常常用来监察人员的行动（可以想象成侦探工作）。如果不需要即刻反馈，而是定期检查设备数据，那么被动跟踪器是个很好的选择。
无论哪一种类型的跟踪器，本质上都是便携式的，外形尺寸相对较小。因此需要电池AE电源
二、电池充电 IC 的设计问题 传统的线性拓扑电池充电器往往因其紧凑的占板面积、简单性和适中的成本而受到重视。不过，传统线性充电器有一些缺点，包括输入和电池电压范围受限、电流消耗相对较大、功耗过大（产生热量）、充电终止算法受限以及效率相对较低。 开关模式电池充电器是很受欢迎的选择，因为这类充电器具备拓扑灵活性，可对多种化学组成的电池充电，充电效率高，因此最大限度减少了热量，可实现快速充电，另外还有很宽的工作电压范围。
当然，权衡总是存在的。开关充电器的缺点包括：成本相对较高、基于电感器的设计更加复杂、可能产生噪声以及解决方案占板面积较大。由于以上提及的开关充电器的优点，现代铅酸电池、无线电源、能量收集、太阳能充电、远程传感器和嵌入式汽车应用大多用开关模式充电器供电。
传统上，跟踪器中面向电池的备份电源管理 为什么跟踪系统需要集成度更高的电源管理解决方案呢？
①必需减小跟踪器自身的尺寸，在这个市场里，尺寸是越小越好；
②要求对电池进行安全的充电和为IC提供针对电压瞬变的保护、需要拥有系统备份能力以应对系统电源消失或发生故障的情况、以及为通用分组无线业务（GPRS）芯片组相对较低的电源轨电压（~4.45 V）供电。
三、电源备份管理器 一个满足前述要求、集成了电源备份管理器和充电器的解决方案需要具备以下特点：
1、同步降压型拓扑以实现高效率；
2、很宽的输入电压范围，以适合各种输入电源，还要针对高压瞬态提供保护；
3、适当的电池充电电压以支持GPRS芯片组；
4、通过内置充电终止（无需微处理器）简便和自主地运行；
5、PowerPath™控制——发生电源故障时，在输入电源和备份电源之间实现无缝切换，如果发生输入短路，这项控制功能还需要提供反向隔离；
6、提供备份电池，当输入消失或出故障时为系统负载供电；
7、由于空间限制，需要提供占板面积很小的扁平解决方案；
8、先进的封装以改善热性能和空间利用率。
