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无线仪表设计，AE电源起了重要作用
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时间：2017-11-28 10:29:12
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在患者护理情形中医疗产品通常对于可靠性、运行时间和坚固性有着高得多的标准，不仅必须确保它们能够依靠多种电源实现无缝运行，并在对从患者身上收集的数据进行无线传输的过程中提供高可靠性。新型电源 IC 让无线医疗仪表受益。
背景 与许多其他的应用一样，低功率高精度组件实现了便携式和无线医疗仪器的快速成长。不过，和很多其他应用不同的是，此类医疗产品通常对于可靠性、运行时间和坚固性有着高得多的标准。这个负担大部分落在电源系统及其组件的身上。医疗产品必须正确地操作，并在多种电源 (例如：交流电源插座、备份电池、甚至是收集的环境能量源) 之间无缝地切换。此外，还必须竭尽全力地提供针对各种不同故障情况的保护及耐受能力，尽量地延长依靠电池供电时的工作时间，并确保每当接入了某种有效电源时正常的系统操作是可靠的。
患者护理，推动便携式和无线医疗仪表成长的关键因素 目前，推动便携式和无线医疗仪表成长的主要趋势之一是患者护理。具体来说，这就是在病患自己的家中越来越多地使用远程监护系统。这一发展趋势的起因从本质上说完全是出于经济的考虑，让患者住在医院里观察治疗所需承担的费用简直让人望而却步。因此，许多这样的便携式电子监护系统都必须结合 RF 发送器，以便能够把从患者身上收集的任何数据直接发回医院内的监控系统，以供主管医师日后复审和分析之用。
电源管理架构的四个要求 面对上述情形，合理的假设是：为患者提供合适家用医疗仪表的成本远远低于让患者留院观察所需支付的费用。然而，头等重要的一点是：交由患者使用的设备必须具有可靠和简单易用的特性。因此，这些产品的制造商和设计师必须确保它们能够依靠多种电源实现无缝运行，并在对从患者身上收集的数据进行无线传输的过程中提供高可靠性。这就要求设计师确保电源管理架构拥有坚固、灵活、紧凑和高效的特点。
电源 IC 解决方案 医疗电子系统中的许多应用即使在交流电源发生中断时也需要连续供电；因此一项关键的要求就是实现低静态电流以延长电池寿命。于是，自 2010 年以来， 电源IC 制造商一直在生产备用静态电流小于 30μA 的开关稳压器。事实上，我们近期推出的部分产品已经把这一数字降低到只有 2.5μA。因此，这些产品已完全具备了在由电池提供备份电源的医疗系统中使用之条件。 尽管开关稳压器产生的噪声高于线性稳压器，但其效率指标则比后者优越得多。已经证实：在许多敏感型应用中，只要开关电源以可预知的方式运行，那么噪声和 EMI 水平是可控的。如果开关稳压器在正常模式中以恒定频率执行开关操作，而且开关脉冲边沿是干净和可预知的，并没有过冲或高频振铃，则可实现 EMI 的最小化。小封装尺寸和高工作频率能提供小巧紧凑的布局，从而最大限度地降低 EMI 辐射。除此之外，假如稳压器可与低 ESR 陶瓷电容器配合使用，那么就能尽量地减少输入和输出电压纹波，而这些纹波是系统中的额外噪声源。
许多功能丰富的患者监测医疗装置中电源轨数目有所增加，而工作电压则持续地下降。虽然如此，许多此类系统仍然需要 1.xV 至 8.xV 的宽广电压范围，用于为电机、低功率传感器、存储器、微控制器内核、I/O 和逻辑电路供电。
传统上，这些电压轨一直是由降压型开关稳压器或低压差稳压器提供。然而，对于那些还在系统中纳入了一个备份电池以应对主电源故障情况的配置，此类 IC 并未进行相应的优化。于是，当采用降压-升压型转换器 (其能提升电压或降低电压) 时，它将使电池的全工作范围能得到利用。这增加了操作裕量，并延长了电池运行时间，因为更多的电池寿命是可用的，尤其当它接近其放电曲线的较低端时。
电源IC解决方案的特殊属性 相应地，在可能也配有一个主电池的便携式医疗仪表中使用的 DC/DC 转换器解决方案应具有以下特性：
1、一种具有宽输入电压范围的降压-升压型 DC/DC 架构，以在采用多种电池供电型电源及其相关电压范围时调节 VOUT；
2、在工作模式和停机模式中均提供超低静态电流以延长电池运行时间；
3、能够有效地为系统电压轨供电；
4、电流限制功能以用于减小浪涌电流，从而保护电池；
5、解决方案占板面积小、重量轻、外形扁平；
6、可提供先进封装以改善热性能和空间效率。
AE的医疗行业电源产品系列旨在满足最严格的安全和质量要求。 AE电源 的解决方案被世界领先的医疗设备制造商用于各种应用，包括：临床诊断设备，医疗激光，医学成像，透析设备，皮肤处理和再生。 AE提供完整的EN60601-1和UL60601-1认证，包括最新的第三版标准，小于300uA的漏电流和4kV隔离。 Excelsys最新的产品CX06M为医疗应用提供IEC60601-1第3版和IEC60601-1-2第4版（EMC）。Excelsys电源产品专门提供200W-1450W的电源解决方案，以适应医疗行业。
结论 就设计众多电池供电和 / 或由电池提供备份电源的医疗系统而言，已经呈现出巨大的机会。与此同时，在选择合适的电源转换解决方案以满足关键设计目标方面，系统设计师面临一些艰难的挑战，这些设计目标包括在不损害效率、运行时间，并且可满足辐射规范要求和解决方案尺寸的情况下，符合输入至输出电压涵盖限制、提供合适的功率水平和易设计性。
设计一个满足系统目标又不影响性能的解决方案是个艰巨的任务。幸运的是，AE电源提供了越来越多的降压-升压型转换器解决方案，这些解决方案由于能够跨很宽的负载范围高效率运行，所以可简化设计，提供同类最佳性能，并能在电池充电周期之间最大限度地延长运行时间。
