5G technology has five major characteristics:

一、 millimeter wave

    A significant feature of electromagnetic waves: the higher the frequency (the shorter the wavelength), the closer to the linear propagation (the worse the diffraction capability), and the higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation in the propagation process.
E.g:
1、laser pen, the wavelength of 635nm or so, the light is straight, blocking the hard to get through.
2、satellite communications and GPS navigation, wavelength 1cm or so, if there is a block, no signal. Moreover, the satellite that cauldron, must be aimed at the direction of the satellite, a little crooked, will have an impact.
    If the 5G with high-frequency, then its biggest problem is that the ability to cover will be greatly reduced. Covering the same area, the number of base stations required will be much higher than 4G. So these years, telecommunications, mobile, China Unicom to fight for the low frequency band, some bands even called - gold band.

二、micro base station

    In the high frequency of the premise, in order to reduce the cost of coverage costs, 5G must find a new way first, is the micro base station. There are two kinds of base stations, micro base stations and macro base stations. The smaller the base station, the more the number, the better the coverage, the faster the speed.

三、Massive MIMO

     MIMO is the "Multiple Input Multiple Multiple Output", multiple antennas are sent, and multiple antennas are received. In the LTE era has been MIMO, 5G continue to carry forward, into the enhanced version of Massive MIMO.


四、 beam forming

     The antenna array is arranged on the base station. By controlling the phase of the RF signal, the lobes of the electromagnetic waves after the interaction become very narrow and point to the mobile phones it provides, and can change the direction according to the movement of the mobile phone. This space reuse technology, from the omnidirectional signal coverage into a precise directional service, the beam will not interfere with the same space to provide more communication links, greatly improving the base station's service capacity.

五、D2D

     5G era, the same base station under the two users, if they communicate with each other, their data will no longer forward through the base station, but direct mobile phone to the phone. In this way, Harvatek saved a lot of air resources, but also reduce the pressure on the base station.